Enforcement record
We record incidents we can trace to a named source. We state whether the advertising was commercial or political, because the pattern matters.
| Place | Date | Format | Message | What happened | Legal basis | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madrid | Feb 2017 | Bus | Political (HazteOír) | Council acted to stop the bus | Mobility and advertising ordinances (article not named) | eldiario.es / EFE | Reported |
| Barcelona | Mar 2019 | Bus | Political (HazteOír) | Complaints filed; possible fines up to €60,000 plus €1,125 | Landscape rules; convivència ordinance | betevé | Reported |
| Valencia | 5 Mar 2019 | Bus | Political (HazteOír) | Bus held, vinyls removed | Not known | Headline only | Unverified |
| Madrid | Nov–Dec 2024 | Bus and LED truck | Political ("Sánchez Dimisión") | Police told to watch the vehicles after a party complaint; HazteOír says it received three sanctions | Advertising ordinance | Vozpópuli | Reported; amounts unknown |
| Sant Josep de sa Talaia (Ibiza) | 2015; upheld 2017 | Leaflets on the beach | Commercial | €6,000 fine on a venue upheld by a court | Publicity ordinance 2013 | Noudiari, 21 Sep 2017 | Reported |
| Calvià (Magaluf) | 2018 | Street promoters | Commercial | 22 cases against unlicensed promoters in one week | Annual promoter decree | Majorca Daily Bulletin | Reported; fine source unconfirmed |
What the record shows so far: every enforcement action against an advertising vehicle that we could verify involved a political message. We found no verified fine on a commercial advertising van, bicycle or sign-holder anywhere in Spain. Commercial street promoters and leaflet teams, by contrast, are fined in resort areas.
What it doesn't show: a missing report is not proof that nothing happened. No Spanish council we researched publishes enforcement figures for its advertising rules. That is why our model ordinance requires an annual report (art. 10). We welcome documented cases from readers, operators and councils.